A variable is a currently unspecified object. And any valid candidate for the object can be the value of the variable. The value can depend on a set of conditions. The relation between such conditions and the to be defined value must always be logical.
A function is a relationship between two sets, where each input from the first set, which is called the domain, is associated with one output from the second set, called the codomain.
Example:
f(x) = x^2
'f(x)' = function
what goes in the first 'x' = input/domain
what sits in the x of 'x^2' = output/range
A Set, in mathematics, is a collection of objects that are grouped together according to an attribute that they have in common. The objects thus collected are called members. Members can be part of more than one set, according to the attributes the Set is designated to.
Is a type of variable that forms an input to a function. It is a kind of condition enforced on a calculation.
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